Campbell, D. A. & Çarkoğlu, A.
Bincike kan bayarwa ta hanyar da ba ta hukuma ba (kai tsaye ga mutane) bisa binciken ra'ayi a Turkiyya; ya gano cewa Turkawa sun fi son ba da gudummawa ga mutane maimakon ga cibiyoyi, kuma irin wannan bayarwa ta fi ta hukuma yaɗuwa.
Scholarly research about philanthropy has de-emphasized informal giving to friends, neighbors and others in need. Yet, informal giving is a critical element of philanthropy, particularly in settings with less well-developed civil society institutions. This paper examines informal giving in Turkey, based on two surveys of Turkish citizens conducted in 2004 and 2015. The surveys find much higher levels of informal giving than formal giving, though the level of informal giving decreased between 2004 and 2015. Donors directed their giving more to family member and others in need than to neighbors. In contrast to studies from most other countries, Turks overwhelmingly prefer giving to individuals rather than institutions. Determinants of informal giving, however, are largely consistent with other research on the motivations for giving.
Tushe: Crossref (bayanan DOI) — taƙaitaccen bayani na asali da marubutan suka wallafa.
Bincike kan bayarwa ta hanyar da ba ta hukuma ba (kai tsaye ga mutane) bisa binciken ra'ayi a Turkiyya; ya gano cewa Turkawa sun fi son ba da gudummawa ga mutane maimakon ga cibiyoyi, kuma irin wannan bayarwa ta fi ta hukuma yaɗuwa.
Ka kammala wannan abun ciki?